Amino Acid Structure

There are 20 different amino acids, each with different individual atoms and molecular masses. However, they all follow a similar structure. They contain an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain (R).

Since every amino acid is different, we need to calculate a mass for each of them. Let's start by building a few amino acids using this structure and calculating their molecular mass.

Let's build the amino acid proline.

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Animated illustration of the amino acid structure.
Animated illustration of the amino acid structure, which includes an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain (R). The amino group consists of a nitrogen atom attached by single bonds to hydrogen atoms. The carboxyl group consists of two smaller groups, a carbonyl group (a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen) and a hydroxyl group (OH). The side chain is specific to each amino acid. It contains a series of linked atoms that are often branched together linearly like a chain. Because there can be many atoms in the side chain, it is often abbreviated as the 'R' group.